由空气质量周(日)报看面向公众的环境信息体系的建立

1997年6月5日,大连市成为全国首批在新闻媒体中发布城市空气质量周报的城市之一,1998年5月15日又在全国率先发布城市空气质量日报.文章以空气质量周(日)报的发布为切入点,全面论述其良好的社会效益、明显的环境效益及潜在的经济效益.根据环境质量的消费性,结合大连的实际,提出环境信息网络是建立面向公众的环境信息体系最便捷的途径.     

国内外企业安全培训调查及模式的探讨

分析了国际劳工组织、日本和德国企业"双元制"培训模式的基本要点和我国"系统型"、"过渡型"、"组合型"、"发展型"、"顾问型"、"索罗门型"和"螺旋型"企业培训模式的基本要点;以国内大型、中型和小型企业为对象,对2007年和2008年的调查数据进行统计分析,根据"企业"与"个人"对安全培训的响应,揭示了不同企业当前的安全培训现状。结果表明:企业安全培训在借鉴国外先进经验的基础上,逐步趋于规模化、规范化,形成了安全知识结构、安全综合能力、安全管理技能、事故应急救援等方面的复合培训模式;实现了高层次管理人员对安全培训的认同达95%以上,员工对安全培训的认同达89%以上;使员工的安全意识、安全价值观、工作态度和工作技能得以提升,其在工作岗位上的表现达到安全要求,并为企业创造更多的效益。同时笔者还对当前我国企业安全培训工作存在的问题提出了改进意见,对今后各类企业安全培训具有参考价值和借鉴作用。     

Practical Moral Codes In the Transgenic Organism Debate

In one study funded by the United States Department of Agriculture, people from North Dakota were interviewed to discover which moral principles they use in evaluating the morality of transgenic organisms and their introduction into markets. It was found that although the moral codes the human subjects employed were very similar, their views on transgenics were vastly different. In this paper, the codes that were used by the respondents are developed, compared to that of the academically composed Belmont Report, and then modified to create the more practical Common Moral Code. At the end, it is shown that the Common Moral Code has inherent inconsistency flaws that might be resolvable, but would require extensive work on the definition of terms and principles. However, the effort is worthwhile, especially if it results in a common moral code that all those involved in the debate are willing to use in negotiating a resolution to their differences.     

Environmental auditing: Theory and applications

The environmental audit has become a regular part of corporate environmental management in Canada and is also gaining recognition in the public sector. A 1991 survey of 75 private sector companies across Canada revealed that 76% (57/75) had established environmental auditing programs. A similar survey of 19 federal, provincial, and municipal government departments revealed that 11% (2/19) had established such programs. The information gained from environmental audits can be used to facilitate and enhance environmental management from the single facility level to the national and international levels. This paper is divided into two sections: section one examines environmental audits at the facility/company level and discusses environmental audit characteristics, trends, and driving forces not commonly found in the available literature. Important conclusions are: that wherever possible, an action plan to correct the identified problems should be an integral part of an audit, and therefore there should be a close working relationship between auditors, managers, and employees, and that the first audits will generally be more difficult, time consuming, and expensive than subsequent audits. Section two looks at environmental audits in the broader context and discusses the relationship between environmental audits and three other environmental information gathering/analysis tools: environmental impact assessments, state of the environment reports, and new systems of national accounts. The argument is made that the information collected by environmental audits and environmental impact assessments at the facility/company level can be used as the bases for regional and national state of the environment reports and new systems of national accounts.     

空气质量周报二氧化硫采样过程影响因素的探讨

文章通过对空气质量周报连续采样过程有关影响因素进行探讨 ,分析了影响大气二氧化硫监测结果的一些原因或可能 ,首次对甲醛吸收液连续采样稳定性提出疑问 ,强调周报质量保证的重心要从实验室环节转到现场采样等环节上来     

神经网络模型在北海市空气日报污染指数计算中的应用

根据空气质量日报的实际需要,引入了Excel软件神经网络技术建立空气质量日报污染指数计算模型,采用LM算法提高了计算精度,并将模型应用于北海市空气日报。结果表明:此法较之实际公式计算法更加快捷方便,并且计算结果相当吻合。     

垫江县次级河流环境现状分析

垫江县次级河流部分水质指标不容乐观,以种植污染、养殖污染和生活污染为代表的农村面源污染日渐成为垫江河流污染的主要因素。改变垫江河流水质现状,必须尽量减少化肥农药施用,改变传统养殖模式,完善农村垃圾收运系统,加快建设农村废水治理设施。     

Up-to-date Investigation Report on Rural Migrant Workers in China

One year has passed since the Advice on Solving the Problems of Rural Migrant Workers by the State Council was put into practice. The status for rural migrant workers has been improved effectively. Especially, their wages have been increased notably, the problem of default on wage payments has been alleviated, and the services offered to them by governments have been improved. However, some essential problems, such as low income and bad living conditions, have not been changed ultimately. Their strong wishes to become legal urban residents are still far from being realized. Therefore, we should carry out the current policies, make further institutional innovations, increase relevant investments, gradually eliminate institutional barricades, and fund shortage problems that prevent rural migrant workers from becoming legal urban residents, and solve the problems of rural migrant workers thoroughly.     

Screening for a new Streptomyces strain capable of e cient keratin degradation

Keratinous wastes could be degraded by some microorganisms in nature. Native human foot skin （NHFS） was used as sole nitrogen source to screen microorganisms with keratin-degrading capability. From approximately 200 strains, a strain of Streptomyces sp. strain No. 16 was found to possess the strongest keratinolytic activity, and the total activity in the culture was 110 KU/ml with specific activity of 2870 KU/mg protein （KU： keratinase unit）. Substrate specificity test indicated that the crude keratinase could degrade keratin azure, human hair, cock feathers and collagen. The optimal pH of the crude keratinase ranged from 7.5 to 10 and the temperature ranged from 40℃ to 55℃. Metal chelating agent ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid obviously stimulated the keratinolytic activity but suppressed the proteolytic activity. To our knowledge, this is the first report on specific induction of keratinases by NHFS from an actinomycete. Moreover, excellent characteristics of its crude keratinase may lead to the potential application in waste treatment and recovery, poultry and leather industry, medicine, and cosmetic development.     

浅谈授权签字人对环境监测报告的审核

环境监测报告是环境监测机构质量管理和技术水平的综合体现,是环境管理的技术支撑,来不得丝毫的差错。文章通过授权签字人对报告的合法性、全面性、完整性;法律法规技术规范的符合性;质量保证和质量控制的程序性;结论的正确性等方面进行审核把关,从而保证监测报告高质量地出笼。从审核分析常见关联数据的相关性("三氧"、"三氮"),引申出对错误监测操作行为的矫正,对规范监测工作行为有一定的指导意义。